A chemical engineer investigates three reversible reactions that are crucial in industrial processes.
The table below shows these reactions along with their respective enthalpy changes.
| Reaction | Equation | ΔH\Delta HΔH in kJ/mol |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2SO2(g)+O2(g)⇌2SO3(g)2\text{SO}_2(\text{g}) + \text{O}_2(\text{g}) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{SO}_3(\text{g})2SO2(g)+O2(g)⇌2SO3(g) | −198-198−198 |
| 2 | H2(g)+I2(g)⇌2HI(g)\text{H}_2(\text{g}) + \text{I}_2(\text{g}) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{HI}(\text{g})H2(g)+I2(g)⇌2HI(g) | −9-9−9 |
| 3 | N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g)\text{N}_2(\text{g}) + 3\text{H}_2(\text{g}) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{NH}_3(\text{g})N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g) | −92-92−92 |
For reaction 1, predict whether the pressure should be low or high to give the greatest yield of products.
Give a reason for your choice.
For reaction 1, predict whether the temperature should be low or high to give the greatest yield of products.
Give a reason for your choice.
For reaction 2, suggest why changing the temperature will have less effect on the yield of products than in reactions 1 and 3.
For reaction 3, predict the effect on the rate of the forward reaction of increasing the pressure, without changing the temperature.
Explain your prediction in terms of the particle collision theory.
A manufacturer makes a batch of butyl ethanoate from butan-1-ol and ethanoic acid using this reaction:
C4H9OH+CH3COOH→CH3COOC4H9+H2O \text{C}_4\text{H}_9\text{OH} + \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{COOC}_4\text{H}_9 + \text{H}_2\text{O} C4H9OH+CH3COOH→CH3COOC4H9+H2OHe starts with 148 kg148 \text{ kg}148 kg of butan-1-ol. Calculate the maximum mass of butyl ethanoate he could obtain.
