The industrial water-gas shift reaction can be used to produce hydrogen gas from carbon monoxide and steam as follows:
CO(g)+H2O(g)⇌CO2(g)+H2(g)ΔH=−41 kJ/mol CO(g) + H_2O(g) \rightleftharpoons CO_2(g) + H_2(g) \quad \Delta H = -41\text{ kJ/mol} CO(g)+H2O(g)⇌CO2(g)+H2(g)ΔH=−41 kJ/molA temperature of 350∘C350^\circ\text{C}350∘C, a pressure of 5 atm5\text{ atm}5 atm, and a copper-based catalyst are used in this industrial process.
The diagram shows the reaction profile if a catalyst is not used.
(i) On the diagram, draw the reaction profile when a copper-based catalyst is used.
(ii) Label the diagram to show the enthalpy change (ΔH\Delta HΔH) and the activation energy (EcatE_{cat}Ecat) for the reaction with the catalyst.
A manufacturer carries out this reaction using the same catalyst, a pressure of 5 atm5\text{ atm}5 atm, but a temperature of 250∘C250^\circ\text{C}250∘C.
(i) State the effect of this change in temperature on the rate of the reaction.
(ii) Explain the effect of this change on the yield of hydrogen.
The manufacturer then carries out this reaction using the same catalyst, a temperature of 350∘C350^\circ\text{C}350∘C, but a pressure of 2 atm2\text{ atm}2 atm.
(i) Suggest what effect this change in pressure would have on the rate of the reaction.
(ii) Explain the effect of this change on the yield of hydrogen.
