A student compared the industrial processes used to extract titanium and aluminium from their ores.
Name the main ore used as the primary source of aluminium.
Titanium can be extracted from rutile, which consists of titanium(IV) oxide. What is the chemical formula of titanium(IV) oxide?
Carbon is a solid element used in the first stage of titanium extraction. Explain its role in the conversion of titanium(IV) oxide to titanium(IV) chloride.
Argon gas is introduced during the reduction stage of titanium(IV) chloride with magnesium or sodium. State its main purpose in this process.
What name is given to a reaction that involves both reduction and oxidation?
Explain why this half-equation represents a reduction reaction:
Al3++3e−→Al \text{Al}^{3+} + 3\text{e}^- \to \text{Al} Al3++3e−→AlIn the Kroll process for titanium extraction, the following reaction occurs:
TiCl4+2Mg→Ti+2MgCl2 \text{TiCl}_4 + 2\text{Mg} \to \text{Ti} + 2\text{MgCl}_2 TiCl4+2Mg→Ti+2MgCl2Identify the substance that is oxidised in this reaction, giving a reason for your choice.
In the conversion step of titanium extraction, titanium(IV) oxide reacts with carbon and chlorine gas to produce titanium(IV) chloride (TiCl4\text{TiCl}_4TiCl4) and carbon monoxide (CO\text{CO}CO). Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reduction of titanium(IV) chloride (TiCl4\text{TiCl}_4TiCl4) by liquid sodium (Na\text{Na}Na).
In the electrolytic extraction of aluminium, alumina (Al2O3\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3Al2O3) is dissolved in molten cryolite. State the main purpose of adding cryolite in this process.
