A student compared the industrial processes used to extract titanium and copper from their ores.
Name the main ore used as the source of titanium.
Titanium can be extracted from titanium(IV) chloride (TiCl4\text{TiCl}_4TiCl4), which is prepared from titanium(IV) oxide. What is the chemical formula of titanium(IV) oxide?
In the blast furnace, carbon is used to reduce iron ores. Explain why carbon cannot be used to reduce titanium(IV) oxide to titanium metal.
Argon gas is used during the reduction stage of titanium extraction. State its main purpose in this process.
What name is given to a reaction in which a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound?
Explain why this half-equation represents an oxidation reaction:
Mg→Mg2++2e− \text{Mg} \to \text{Mg}^{2+} + 2\text{e}^- Mg→Mg2++2e−In the extraction of copper from low-grade ores, scrap iron is used to displace copper(II) ions from aqueous solution:
Fe+Cu2+→Fe2++Cu \text{Fe} + \text{Cu}^{2+} \to \text{Fe}^{2+} + \text{Cu} Fe+Cu2+→Fe2++CuIdentify the reducing agent in this reaction, giving a reason for your choice in terms of electron transfer.
Titanium(IV) oxide is converted to titanium(IV) chloride by heating with carbon and chlorine at high temperature. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction, which also produces carbon monoxide (CO\text{CO}CO).
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reduction of titanium(IV) chloride (TiCl4\text{TiCl}_4TiCl4) by magnesium.
State one economic or environmental advantage of using scrap iron to extract copper from aqueous solutions compared to extraction by smelting.
