This question is about chlorine (Cl2\text{Cl}_2Cl2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl\text{HCl}HCl).
Chlorine is a gas at room temperature. It exists as simple molecules.
Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of the outer-shell electrons in a chlorine molecule (Cl2\text{Cl}_2Cl2).
Explain why chlorine has a relatively low boiling point.
The symbols for two isotopes of chlorine are:
35Cland37Cl ^{35}\text{Cl} \quad \text{and} \quad ^{37}\text{Cl} 35Cland37ClState what is meant by the term isotopes.
Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these two isotopes of chlorine.
| 35Cl^{35}\text{Cl}35Cl | 37Cl^{37}\text{Cl}37Cl | |
|---|---|---|
| number of protons | ||
| number of neutrons | ||
| number of electrons |
When hydrogen burns in chlorine gas, hydrogen chloride gas is produced and heat energy is transferred to the surroundings.
State the name given to a reaction in which heat energy is transferred to the surroundings.
Write a chemical equation to represent the reaction that takes place when hydrogen burns in chlorine.
Describe a chemical test to show that the gas produced is hydrogen chloride.
Describe a physical test to show that a sample of water is pure.
15 exam-style questions on Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Covalent bonding. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.