Each molecule in this equation contains the same type of bonding. Name this type of chemical bonding.

The covalent bonds inside a nitrogen molecule are very strong. Explain why the boiling point of nitrogen is extremely low.

Explain how the two nitrogen atoms in a nitrogen molecule ($N_2$) are held together.

In a dot-and-cross diagram showing only the outer-shell electrons of an ammonia (${NH}_3$) molecule:

1. State the total number of shared electrons in the molecule.
2. State the number of non-bonding (unshared) outer-shell electrons on the nitrogen atom.

Hydrogen chloride gas ($HCl$) dissolves in water to form solution A. Hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in methylbenzene to form solution B. A student adds a piece of magnesium ribbon to each solution. Explain why effervescence is observed with solution A but not with solution B.