Question 11

Ammonia is produced by the chemical reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen. The equation for this reaction is:

\text{N}_2 + 3\text{H}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{NH}_3

Each molecule in this equation contains the same type of bonding. Name this type of chemical bonding.

The covalent bonds inside a nitrogen molecule are very strong. Explain why the boiling point of nitrogen is extremely low.

Explain how the two nitrogen atoms in a nitrogen molecule ( $N2\text{N}_2$ ) are held together.

In a dot-and-cross diagram showing only the outer-shell electrons of an ammonia ( $NH3\text{NH}_3$ ) molecule:

State the total number of shared electrons in the molecule.
State the number of non-bonding (unshared) outer-shell electrons on the nitrogen atom.

Hydrogen chloride gas ( $HCl\text{HCl}$ ) dissolves in water to form solution A. Hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in methylbenzene to form solution B. A student adds a piece of magnesium ribbon to each solution. Explain why effervescence is observed with solution A but not with solution B.