The homologous series of alcohols includes methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol.
State two characteristics of the organic compounds belonging to the same homologous series.
The displayed formula for ethanol is:
HH∣∣H−C−C−O−H∣∣HH \begin{array}{ccccccccc} & & \text{H} & & \text{H} & & & & \\ & & | & & | & & & & \\ \text{H} & - & \text{C} & - & \text{C} & - & \text{O} & - & \text{H} \\ & & | & & | & & & & \\ & & \text{H} & & \text{H} & & & & \end{array} H−H∣C∣H−H∣C∣H−O−HSuggest the displayed formula for butan-1-ol, CH3CH2CH2CH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH}CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.
Ethanol is produced globally via both chemical and biological methods:
Compare these two processes in terms of:
Glucose (C6H12O6\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6C6H12O6) undergoing anaerobic fermentation yields ethanol and carbon dioxide:
C6H12O6→2CH3CH2OH+2CO2 \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \rightarrow 2\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + 2\text{CO}_2 C6H12O6→2CH3CH2OH+2CO2An industrial batch containing 13.5 tonnes13.5 \text{ tonnes}13.5 tonnes of glucose was completely fermented. (Take 1 tonne=1000 kg1 \text{ tonne} = 1000 \text{ kg}1 tonne=1000 kg)
Calculate the amount, in moles, of glucose that was fermented. (Relative formula mass, MrM_rMr, of glucose = 180180180)
Deduce the chemical amount, in moles, of ethanol produced in this reaction.
Calculate the volume, in dm3\text{dm}^3dm3 at room temperature and pressure (rtp), of carbon dioxide gas generated in this process. (Assume 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm324 \text{ dm}^324 dm3 at rtp)
15 exam-style questions on Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Alcohols. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.