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Alcohols

Alcohols

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Question 4
a.

The homologous series of alcohols includes methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol.

State two characteristics of the organic compounds belonging to the same homologous series.

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b.

The displayed formula for ethanol is:

HH∣∣H−C−C−O−H∣∣HH \begin{array}{ccccccccc} & & \text{H} & & \text{H} & & & & \\ & & | & & | & & & & \\ \text{H} & - & \text{C} & - & \text{C} & - & \text{O} & - & \text{H} \\ & & | & & | & & & & \\ & & \text{H} & & \text{H} & & & & \end{array} H​−​H∣C∣H​−​H∣C∣H​−​O​−​H​

Suggest the displayed formula for butan-1-ol, CH3CH2CH2CH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH}CH3​CH2​CH2​CH2​OH.

[1]
c.

Ethanol is produced globally via both chemical and biological methods:

  • Batch fermentation: the anaerobic digestion of sugars using yeast.
  • Continuous hydration: the direct addition of steam to ethene over a catalyst.

Compare these two processes in terms of:

  • the rate of production of ethanol
  • the purity of the ethanol harvested
  • the use of non-renewable/finite resources
[3]
d.

Glucose (C6H12O6\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6C6​H12​O6​) undergoing anaerobic fermentation yields ethanol and carbon dioxide:

C6H12O6→2CH3CH2OH+2CO2 \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \rightarrow 2\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + 2\text{CO}_2 C6​H12​O6​→2CH3​CH2​OH+2CO2​

An industrial batch containing 13.5 tonnes13.5 \text{ tonnes}13.5 tonnes of glucose was completely fermented. (Take 1 tonne=1000 kg1 \text{ tonne} = 1000 \text{ kg}1 tonne=1000 kg)

Calculate the amount, in moles, of glucose that was fermented. (Relative formula mass, MrM_rMr​, of glucose = 180180180)

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e.

Deduce the chemical amount, in moles, of ethanol produced in this reaction.

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f.

Calculate the volume, in dm3\text{dm}^3dm3 at room temperature and pressure (rtp), of carbon dioxide gas generated in this process. (Assume 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm324 \text{ dm}^324 dm3 at rtp)

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Markscheme

Alcohols Questions

  1. IGCSE
  2. /Chemistry
  3. /Alcohols

15 exam-style questions on Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Alcohols. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.

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