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Alcohols

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Question 5
a.

The first three members of the homologous series of alcohols are methanol, ethanol, and propan-1-ol.

State two characteristics of the compounds in a homologous series.

[2]
b.

The displayed formula for ethanol is:

HH∣∣H−C−C−O−H∣∣HH \begin{array}{ccccccccc} & & \text{H} & & \text{H} & & & & \\\\ & & | & & | & & & & \\\\ \text{H} & - & \text{C} & - & \text{C} & - & \text{O} & - & \text{H} \\\\ & & | & & | & & & & \\\\ & & \text{H} & & \text{H} & & & & \end{array} H​−​H∣C∣H​−​H∣C∣H​−​O​−​H​

Suggest the displayed formula for propan-1-ol, CH3CH2CH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH}CH3​CH2​CH2​OH.

[1]
c.

Ethanol can be manufactured by two different industrial processes:

  • Batch process: the fermentation of sugars using yeast.
  • Continuous process: the catalytic hydration of ethene (derived from crude oil) with steam.

Compare these two processes in terms of:

  • the rate at which ethanol is produced
  • the purity of the ethanol produced
  • the use of finite resources
[3]
d.

Glucose (C6H12O6\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6C6​H12​O6​) undergoing fermentation produces ethanol and carbon dioxide:

C6H12O6→2CH3CH2OH+2CO2 \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \rightarrow 2\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + 2\text{CO}_2 C6​H12​O6​→2CH3​CH2​OH+2CO2​

A mass of 5400 kg5400 \text{ kg}5400 kg of glucose was completely fermented.

Calculate the amount, in moles, of glucose that was fermented. (Relative formula mass, MrM_rMr​, of glucose = 180180180)

[2]
e.

Deduce the amount, in moles, of ethanol produced in this reaction.

[1]
f.

Calculate the volume, in dm3\text{dm}^3dm3 at room temperature and pressure (rtp), of carbon dioxide produced in this reaction. (Assume 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm324 \text{ dm}^324 dm3 at rtp)

[2]

Alcohols Questions

  1. IGCSE
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