The table shows the area of land, in square metres (m2m^2m2), where wild garlic (Allium ursinum) was growing under different levels of forest canopy cover in a managed woodland in North Yorkshire between the years 2012 and 2022.
| Year | Closed canopy | Semi-open canopy | Open clearing | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 1,250 | 5,850 | 8,400 | 15,500 |
| 2014 | 1,700 | 5,100 | 7,800 | 14,600 |
| 2016 | 2,150 | 4,600 | 6,900 | 13,650 |
| 2018 | 2,600 | 3,950 | 6,100 | 12,650 |
| 2020 | 3,100 | 3,400 | 5,200 | 11,700 |
| 2022 | 3,550 | 2,950 | 4,200 | 10,700 |
Describe the changes that have taken place in the area of land where wild garlic is growing between 2012 and 2022.
An area under a closed canopy receives less light than an open clearing. Suggest and explain how this difference in light intensity might affect the growth of wild garlic plants.
Give two factors, other than light intensity, that could affect the growth of wild garlic plants.
Describe how a researcher could use a quadrat to estimate the total biomass (mass) of wild garlic plants growing in a large area of the woodland.