An engineer tests the behavior of nitrogen gas inside an industrial high-pressure pneumatic actuator.
When the actuator piston is retracted slowly, the volume of the nitrogen gas decreases and its pressure increases, while the temperature of the gas remains constant. Explain in terms of particles why the pressure of the nitrogen gas increases.
During a high-speed operating cycle, the piston retracts extremely rapidly. Work is done on the gas and its temperature increases. State how this increase in temperature affects the motion of the nitrogen gas particles.
In one rapid compression stroke, the mechanical work done on the nitrogen gas is 0.091 J. The mass of the nitrogen gas inside the chamber is 2.50 × 10-7 kg. The specific heat capacity of the nitrogen gas under these conditions is 1.04 kJ/kg ∘C1.04\text{ kJ/kg }^\circ\text{C}1.04 kJ/kg ∘C. Calculate the temperature change of the nitrogen gas, assuming no energy is transferred to the surroundings.