A student investigated the cooling of water in a beaker insulated with two different materials, A and B. The mass of water used in each experiment was 0.18 kg0.18\text{ kg}0.18 kg. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg ∘C4200\text{ J/kg }^\circ\text{C}4200 J/kg ∘C. The table below shows the temperature of the water at regular intervals: | Time (minutes) | Temperature with Material A (∘C^\circ\text{C}∘C) | Temperature with Material B (∘C^\circ\text{C}∘C) | | :---: | :---: | :---: | | 0 | 82.0 | 82.0 | | 2 | 76.5 | 72.0 | | 4 | 72.0 | 65.0 | | 6 | 68.5 | 60.0 | | 8 | 65.5 | 56.5 | | 10 | 63.0 | 54.0 |
Determine the total change in thermal energy of the water over the 10-minute period when Material A was used. Use the equation: \
\\text{change in thermal energy} = \\text{mass} \\times \\text{specific heat capacity} \\times \\text{temperature change}{\char"24}$37 exam-style questions on AQA GCSE Physics 3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers, covering 3.2.1 Internal energy, 3.2.2 Temperature changes in a system and specific heat capacity, and 3.2.3 Changes of state and specific latent heat. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.