Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes

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Question 20

Medium

A toy cart is at position A at the top of a ramp of height 40 cm. It rolls down the track through position B at the bottom, goes into a circular loop, reaching position C at the top of the loop, and finally exits to position D on a flat track.

A toy cart and its track can be modeled as a closed system.

Which statement explains why the toy cart and track can be considered a 'closed system'?

The cart and the track have a constant temperature.
The total energy of the cart and the track is constant.
The gravitational potential energy of the cart is always increasing.

[1]

The cart is released from rest at position A and accelerates down the track to position B.

mass of the toy cart $\text{ kg}$
vertical height between position A and position B $\text{ cm}$
gravitational field strength $\text{ N/kg}$

Calculate the maximum possible speed of the toy cart when it reaches position B.

[4]

At position C, the cart's gravitational potential energy is $\text{ J}$ greater than at position B. How much kinetic energy does the cart need at position B to complete the loop of the track? Choose one option and give a reason for your answer.

Less than $\text{ J}$
Exactly $\text{ J}$
More than $\text{ J}$

[2]

Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes

Question 20

Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes Questions

Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes

Question 20

Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such changes Questions