Href":"/gcse/computer-science/edexcel/questions","basePath":"/gcse/computer-science/edexcel/software/questions","formulaUrl":null,"initialIndex":10,"initialQuestionWindow":[{"id":"49cce2ce-2346-4e02-a513-96a841057a58","revisionId":"ae7bfad2-0913-493c-beda-3116a75441fd","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"A digital photographer is configuring a high-capacity magnetic storage system to archive their RAW images.","difficulty":4,"difficultyBand":"medium","totalMarks":5,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"parts":[{"id":"da47b4ee-00d2-42fb-bcbe-cfdeff729cf2","label":null,"content":"Describe how **two** different types of utility software can be used to either optimize the performance of this storage system or protect the files stored on it.","markscheme":"- Describes how **encryption software** scrambles the image files into ciphertext using an encryption key, securing the data against unauthorized access if the storage device is lost or stolen. B1\n- Describes how **defragmentation software** reorganizes scattered file segments into contiguous sectors on a magnetic hard drive, reducing disk read/write times and improving access speed. B1\n- Describes how **data compression software** uses algorithms to reduce the file size of the archived images, freeing up physical storage capacity. B1\n- Describes how **backup software** automates the copying of image files to a secondary location (such as cloud storage), protecting against permanent data loss due to drive failure. B1\n- Describes how **antivirus/anti-malware software** scans the storage drives to identify and quarantine malicious code, preventing files from being corrupted or held for ransom. B1","marks":5,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"explanation":null,"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null},{"id":"4bae54a7-f0df-42f1-a52b-48ee338918b3","revisionId":"3267aced-cdd6-4049-af5b-528377e0984c","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"An operating system is responsible for multitasking, which allows a user to run multiple applications at the same time.","difficulty":5,"difficultyBand":"medium","totalMarks":5,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"parts":[{"id":"859084e4-a2f9-47f0-936a-210e0ea83150","label":null,"content":"Describe how the operating system manages CPU time to enable multitasking.","markscheme":"- Uses a scheduler / scheduling algorithm (such as Round Robin) to determine the order of execution B1\n- Allocates a specific, small amount of CPU time (a time slice or quantum) to each process B1\n- Rapidly/frequently switches between processes/tasks B1\n- Creates the illusion that multiple tasks are running at the same time (concurrently) through fast switching B1\n- Saves the state/context of the current process before switching to another B1","marks":5,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"explanation":null,"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null},{"id":"4e79093f-0a7c-4e64-aa94-ed046b1f9f94","revisionId":"045b298b-d111-430c-b104-7ba7985f5318","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"","difficulty":4,"difficultyBand":"medium","totalMarks":2,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"parts":[{"id":"5eb621d4-0ee7-416f-8f08-eda411f09ee4","label":null,"content":"Explain how an operating system uses a hierarchical directory structure to resolve file naming conflicts and to locate specific files.","markscheme":"- Explains that naming conflicts are avoided because files with identical filenames can coexist as long as they reside in different directories/folders, which partition the namespace. B1\n- Explains that files are located by tracing a unique pathname from the root directory through nested subfolders/subdirectories to the destination file. B1","marks":2,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"explanation":null,"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptF

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