The industrial synthesis of phosgene (COCl2\text{COCl}_2COCl2) from carbon monoxide and chlorine is a reversible reaction:
CO(g)+Cl2(g)⇌COCl2(g) \text{CO(g)} + \text{Cl}_2\text{(g)} \rightleftharpoons \text{COCl}_2\text{(g)} CO(g)+Cl2(g)⇌COCl2(g)The process is typically carried out at a pressure of 5 atmospheres.
Explain the effect that a pressure lower than 5 atmospheres would have on:
the rate of attainment of equilibrium
the equilibrium yield of phosgene
60 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Chemistry 6.3 Dynamic equilibria, covering 6.3.1 The Haber process as a reversible reaction, 6.3.2 Conditions and rate in industrial equilibria, and 6.3.3 Fertilisers and the preparation of ammonium sulfate. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.