A student heats a sample of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3\text{MgCO}_3MgCO3) in a crucible to thermally decompose it into magnesium oxide (MgO\text{MgO}MgO) and carbon dioxide (CO2\text{CO}_2CO2).
The mass of the solid product left in the crucible at the end is found to be less than the calculated theoretical mass of magnesium oxide.
Which of the following is a possible reason for this?
Some solid was lost from the crucible during heating
The thermal decomposition of the magnesium carbonate was incomplete
The solid residue absorbed water vapor from the air after heating
Carbon dioxide gas stayed trapped inside the solid residue
258 exam-style questions on Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Calculations involving masses. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.