What is meant by the term active transport?

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Which two changes will increase the rate at which mineral ions are absorbed from the soil into root hair cells? Select two options.

• An increase in the respiration rate of the root hair cell
• A decrease in the temperature of the soil surrounding the roots
• A decrease in the oxygen concentration in the soil water
• An increase in the surface area of the root hair cell membrane
• A decrease in the number of carrier proteins in the cell membrane

Explain how plant root hair cells are adapted for the efficient absorption of water and mineral ions from the soil by osmosis and active transport.

Water is absorbed from the soil solution into the root hair cell cytoplasm. Name the process by which water molecules enter these cells.

Even when the concentration of mineral ions in the soil solution is lower than inside the root hair cell cytoplasm, they continue to be absorbed.

Explain how mineral ions are transported into the root hair cells under these conditions.

• Name of process
• Explanation