Students should be able to describe both positive and negative human interactions in an ecosystem and explain their impact on biodiversity. • Scientists and concerned citizens have put in place programmes to reduce the negative effects of humans on ecosystems and biodiversity. These include: breeding programmes for endangered species; protection and regeneration of rare habitats; reintroduction of field margins and hedgerows in agricultural areas where farmers grow only one type of crop; reduction of deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions by some governments; recycling resources rather than dumping waste in landfill.