What name is given to the specialized proteins produced by white blood cells that bind specifically to foreign antigens on pathogens?
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The human body has non-specific defences to prevent pathogens from entering or causing harm. Draw a line from each defence to the body part or component that provides it.
Complete the sentence by choosing the correct word from the options: benign, malignant, metastatic.
"A tumour that is cancerous, invades surrounding healthy tissues, and can spread to other organs via the blood to form secondary tumours is described as a ____________ tumour."
Benign tumours are non-cancerous. Which two statements describe benign tumours?
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Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious bacterial disease. In 2012, a new vaccination campaign was introduced for pregnant women and infants. Health authorities monitored the rate of pertussis infections per 100,000 people in the years following.
Table 1 shows the data.
| Year | Confirmed pertussis cases (per 100,000 residents) |
|---|---|
| 2011 | 82.4 |
| 2013 | 24.1 |
| 2015 | 6.8 |
| 2017 | 1.2 |
What does Table 1 show about the rate of confirmed pertussis cases from 2011 to 2017?
Suggest a reason for the trend you described in Question 5.
Which specific type of white blood cell is responsible for producing antibodies in response to vaccination?
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Suggest one reason why some parents might refuse to allow their children to receive the pertussis vaccine. Do not refer to the pain of the injection in your answer.