Anmar conducted an observational study based on social learning theory to investigate whether the medium of a role model affected the type of behavior children imitated. He recorded whether children imitated physical aggression or verbal aggression after observing either a live adult model or a filmed adult model.
Table 1 shows the observed frequencies of Anmar's study.
Table 1: Observed frequencies of imitated behaviors
| Type of Model | Physical Aggression | Verbal Aggression |
|---|---|---|
| Live Model | 18 | 12 |
| Filmed Model | 10 | 20 |
Complete Table 2 to calculate the chi-squared (χ2\chi^2χ2) statistic for Anmar's observation. You must show your calculations and give your final answer to two decimal places.
Table 2: Chi-squared calculation table
| Model | Imitated Behavior | Observed (OOO) | Expected (EEE) | O−EO-EO−E | (O−E)2(O-E)^2(O−E)2 | (O−E)2E\frac{(O-E)^2}{E}E(O−E)2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Live | Physical | 18 | 14.00 | |||
| Verbal | 12 | 16.00 | ||||
| Filmed | Physical | 10 | 14.00 | |||
| Verbal | 20 | 16.00 | ||||
| Chi-squared (χ2\chi^2χ2) = |
36 exam-style questions on Edexcel A Level Psychology Research methods and skills, covering Research methods and skills. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.