State Newton’s second law of motion.
A high-efficiency water turbine uses a stationary curved deflector plate to redirect a jet of water. The plate is fixed in position, and a continuous horizontal stream of water is projected towards it.
In each second, 45 kg45\text{ kg}45 kg of water moving horizontally at 32 m s−132\text{ m s}^{-1}32 m s−1 strikes the plate. After flowing along the curved surface of the plate, the water is diverted downwards at an angle of 40∘40^\circ40∘ to the horizontal, as shown in the diagram. The speed of the diverted water flow remains 32 m s−132\text{ m s}^{-1}32 m s−1.
Calculate the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity of the diverted water flow.
horizontal component of velocity = ______ m s−1\text{m s}^{-1}m s−1
vertical component of velocity = ______ m s−1\text{m s}^{-1}m s−1
Explain, in terms of Newton's laws of motion, how the water flow produces a force on the deflector plate.
Calculate the vertical force FFF acting on the deflector plate due to the water flow.
F=F =F= ______ N\text{N}N