State Newton’s second law of motion.
A high-powered steering nozzle of a marine propulsion unit is being tested. Water enters the nozzle horizontally, and is then deflected downwards to provide steering and trim control. In each second, 65 kg65\text{ kg}65 kg of water moving at 36 m s−136\text{ m s}^{-1}36 m s−1 enters the nozzle. After passing through the nozzle, the water stream is diverted downwards at an angle of 30∘30^\circ30∘ to the horizontal, as shown in the diagram below. The speed of the diverted water remains 36 m s−136\text{ m s}^{-1}36 m s−1.
Calculate the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity of the diverted water stream.
horizontal component of velocity = ______ m s−1\text{m s}^{-1}m s−1
vertical component of velocity = ______ m s−1\text{m s}^{-1}m s−1
Explain how the water flowing through the nozzle produces a force on the nozzle.
Calculate the vertical force FFF acting on the nozzle due to the deflection of the water.
F=F =F= ______ N\text{N}N
