State the nature of the massive object powering a quasar and identify its location.
A distant quasar is observed at a distance of 8.10×108 light-years8.10 \times 10^8\text{ light-years}8.10×108 light-years with a redshift of z=0.0580z = 0.0580z=0.0580. Assuming the Hubble expansion has been constant throughout cosmic history, use these observations to estimate the age of the Universe in seconds. (Take 1 light-year=9.46×1015 m1\text{ light-year} = 9.46 \times 10^{15}\text{ m}1 light-year=9.46×1015 m and the speed of light c=3.00×108 m s−1c = 3.00 \times 10^8\text{ m s}^{-1}c=3.00×108 m s−1.)
A typical quasar is estimated to have a power output 250025002500 times that of a standard galaxy. By considering the inverse-square law, estimate how many times further the limit of observability for such a quasar is compared to that of a standard galaxy, assuming both have the same minimum detectable brightness.
