Outline the core engine responsible for the immense power output of a quasar, stating the type of object at the center and where it is situated within its host environment.
An actively radiating quasar is observed at a distance of 9.50×108 light-years9.50 \times 10^8\text{ light-years}9.50×108 light-years with a measured redshift of z=0.0680z = 0.0680z=0.0680. Use these observational data to estimate the age of the Universe in seconds. (Take 1 light-year=9.46×1015 m1\text{ light-year} = 9.46 \times 10^{15}\text{ m}1 light-year=9.46×1015 m and the speed of light in a vacuum c=3.00×108 m s−1c = 3.00 \times 10^8\text{ m s}^{-1}c=3.00×108 m s−1.)
A highly active quasar is believed to have a total luminosity (power output) approximately 250025002500 times that of a typical spiral galaxy. By applying the inverse-square law, estimate how many times further away this quasar could be detected compared to the spiral galaxy, assuming both require the same minimum detectable brightness (received intensity) at Earth.
