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1.3 Market failure

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Question 25

Extract C

Failure rates in agricultural soil-restoration subsidy schemes rise in low-income rural counties

The proportion of commercial farms in low-income rural counties that fail to maintain their certified organic or carbon-sequestering soil status after receiving state transition grants has reached a six-year high, pointing to a substantial misallocation of scarce environmental and public funds. This trend coincides with a major government initiative to promote sustainable farming and combat ecological degradation in struggling agricultural zones, with the state spending £380 million in targeted ecological transition subsidies over the last fiscal year alone.

Several regional agricultural boards have lowered their baseline soil quality entry standards for applicants to encourage wide-scale participation among smaller operations. However, environmental scientists warn that simply lowering entry thresholds without investing in ongoing technical agronomic mentoring and structural support during the transition phase leads to high abandonment rates.

Recent registry data shows that 22% of participating farms from low-income rural counties do not sustain their carbon-sequestering practices beyond the first two years, returning to intensive chemical fertiliser usage. By contrast, the abandonment rate among highly capitalised, corporate-owned agricultural estates in fertile valleys remains below 6%. This gap is continuing to grow.

A report by the Sustainable Agriculture Consortium highlighted the economic consequences: "Ecological subsidies are designed to correct market failures, internalising positive environmental externalities and promoting rural sustainability. However, when nearly one in five transitions is abandoned prematurely, public funds and private farming resources are heavily compromised, failing to yield any tangible return on investment or public goods."


According to Extract C, the abandonment rate of soil-restoration programs among farms in low-income rural counties is significantly higher than that of farms in fertile valleys.

Assess the likely impact of these program abandonment rates on the allocation of resources within an economy.

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1.3 Market failure Questions

  1. A Level
  2. /Economics
  3. /1.3 Market failure