An economy is experiencing an inflation rate of 6.5%, which is significantly above its official inflation target of 2.0%. Which of the following combinations of central bank actions is most consistent with a monetary policy stance designed to return inflation to its target?
A reduction in the Bank Rate to stimulate investment, combined with the purchase of government bonds on the open market.
An increase in the Bank Rate to raise the cost of borrowing, combined with the sale of government bonds under a quantitative tightening scheme.
An increase in the Bank Rate to encourage saving, combined with an expansion of the central bank's asset-purchasing programme to increase liquidity.
A reduction in the Bank Rate to lower mortgage costs, combined with an increase in commercial bank reserve requirements.
