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2.3 Economic performance

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Question 18

Extract B: Navigating the Next Economic Crossroads

There is mounting anxiety among international analysts that the current inflationary shock and subsequent monetary tightening could trigger a downturn rivaling the stagflationary episodes of the late 1970s. The World Bank warned in its recent outlook that highly leveraged middle-income economies are particularly exposed to swift capital reversals. It is increasingly doubtful that emerging 'engines of growth' like Brazil and India will offer a safety net for the global economy through bilateral trade and capital investment. Such dynamics are critical if we are to prevent a synchronized global recession and restore stable economic expansion.

The IMF estimates that global GDP growth falling below 2.5% is historically consistent with a worldwide contraction. Alongside output declines, massive job losses constitute the primary human cost of these disruptions. In the Eurozone alone, youth unemployment is projected to climb significantly, while the International Labour Organization (ILO) projects global underemployment to impact millions more.

While hyper-globalisation has generated immense structural efficiencies, it has also accelerated the speed at which macroeconomic shocks propagate across borders. Interconnected supply chains, rapid portfolio adjustment, and multinational capital flows mean that domestic demand contractions in major economic blocs rapidly suppress export prospects elsewhere. Yet, it is these very channels—renewed trade relationships and cross-border investment—that offer the most viable path out of stagnation.


Extract B argues:

"It is increasingly doubtful that emerging 'engines of growth' like Brazil and India will offer a safety net for the global economy through bilateral trade and capital investment. Such dynamics are critical if we are to prevent a synchronized global recession and restore stable economic expansion."

Explain the term 'global recession' and analyse how both international trade and capital investment can help to bring about economic growth.

[10]

2.3 Economic performance Questions

  1. A Level
  2. /Economics
  3. /2.3 Economic performance