This question is about unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Compound A (3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene) and compound B (hex-1-ene) are structural isomers. Compound A has a lower boiling point than compound B. Suggest why.
Compound C, CH3CH=CHCH2CH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}=\text{CHCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH}CH3CH=CHCH2CH2OH, exists as cis and trans stereoisomers.
Identify the systematic IUPAC name for compound C.
Define the term stereoisomers.
Explain how the structures of the cis and trans isomers of compound C differ in spatial arrangement.
Compound D, (CH3)2C=CHCH2CH3\text{(CH}_3\text{)}_2\text{C}=\text{CHCH}_2\text{CH}_3(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH3, reacts with hydrogen chloride, HCl\text{HCl}HCl, by electrophilic addition. A mixture of two organic compounds, E and F, is formed.
Suggest how an HCl\text{HCl}HCl molecule can act as an electrophile.
Give the IUPAC names of the two addition products, E and F.
State which of E and F is the major organic product, and explain your answer in terms of carbocation intermediate stability.
Compound G, C10H16\text{C}_{10}\text{H}_{16}C10H16, is a naturally occurring acyclic hydrocarbon containing three carbon-carbon double bonds.
Reaction of 408 mg408\text{ mg}408 mg of compound G with hydrogen gas produces a saturated acyclic hydrocarbon. Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas, in cm3\text{cm}^3cm3 and measured at room temperature and pressure (RTP), needed to completely react with this mass of compound G. (Take the molar volume of gas at RTP as 24000 cm3 mol−124000\text{ cm}^3\text{ mol}^{-1}24000 cm3 mol−1). Show your working.
Squalene is a naturally occurring, acyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon with 30 carbon atoms, found in shark liver oil. A 0.00400 mol0.00400\text{ mol}0.00400 mol sample of squalene reacts completely with 0.576 dm30.576\text{ dm}^30.576 dm3 of hydrogen gas, measured at RTP, to form a saturated hydrocarbon. Using molecular formulas, construct a balanced equation for this reaction. Include relevant calculations and reasoning.
