In the alpha particle scattering experiment, a beam of He2+\text{He}^{2+}He2+ particles is directed at a thin gold foil.
What conclusion can be drawn specifically from the detection of the very small fraction of He2+\text{He}^{2+}He2+ particles that are scattered through large angles (Path 3)?
The positive charge and most of the mass of the gold atom are concentrated in a small, dense nucleus.
Most of the volume of the gold atom consists of empty space.
Gold atoms have electrons arranged in distinct, quantized energy shells.
The gold nucleus contains neutral particles that contribute to its mass.