State which state of matter, solid, liquid, or gas, has the least thermal expansion. Explain your answer in terms of the forces between particles.
Describe, in terms of the motion and arrangement of particles, the structure of a liquid.
Define specific heat capacity.
A student carries out an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of a liquid. A mass of liquid in an insulated container is heated by a 15 W15\text{ W}15 W electrical heater. State the four readings that the student must record to determine the specific heat capacity of the liquid.
528 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.2 Thermal properties and temperature, covering 2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, 2.2.2a Internal energy and temperature, 2.2.2b Specific heat capacity, 2.2.3a Melting, boiling, condensation and solidification, 2.2.3b Evaporation, and 2.2.3c Cooling by evaporation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.