During the process of evaporation, a liquid slowly turns into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point. Which of the following statements correctly describes this process?
Any molecule can escape from any depth of the liquid, causing the temperature of the remaining liquid to decrease.
Only molecules with higher-than-average kinetic energy can escape, and they do so only from the surface, leading to a decrease in the average kinetic energy and temperature of the remaining liquid.
Only molecules with lower-than-average kinetic energy escape from the surface, leading to an increase in the temperature of the remaining liquid.
High-energy molecules escape from any part of the liquid, forming bubbles that rise to the surface, maintaining a constant temperature.
528 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.2 Thermal properties and temperature, covering 2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, 2.2.2a Internal energy and temperature, 2.2.2b Specific heat capacity, 2.2.3a Melting, boiling, condensation and solidification, 2.2.3b Evaporation, and 2.2.3c Cooling by evaporation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.