A student wishes to calibrate a liquid-in-glass thermometer with a Celsius (∘C^\circ\text{C}∘C) scale.
Which physical temperatures should be chosen as the lower fixed point and the upper fixed point?
Lower fixed point: melting point of pure ice; Upper fixed point: boiling point of pure water
Lower fixed point: freezing point of the thermometer liquid; Upper fixed point: boiling point of pure water
Lower fixed point: melting point of pure ice; Upper fixed point: boiling point of the thermometer liquid
Lower fixed point: freezing point of the thermometer liquid; Upper fixed point: boiling point of the thermometer liquid
528 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.2 Thermal properties and temperature, covering 2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, 2.2.2a Internal energy and temperature, 2.2.2b Specific heat capacity, 2.2.3a Melting, boiling, condensation and solidification, 2.2.3b Evaporation, and 2.2.3c Cooling by evaporation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.