Butane (C4H10\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10}C4H10) is used as a starting material to manufacture addition polymers. It is first cracked to form propene (C3H6\text{C}_3\text{H}_6C3H6).
Identify the gas that also forms in this reaction.
Butane is described as saturated. What feature of a butane molecule is responsible for this description?
Bromine can undergo an addition reaction with propene. (i) Complete the equation to show the displayed formula of the product of the reaction between propene and bromine.
HH∣∣C=C∣∣HCH3+Br−Br→ \begin{array}{ccc} \text{H} & & \text{H} \\ | & & | \\ \text{C} & = & \text{C} \\ | & & | \\ \text{H} & & \text{CH}_3 \end{array} + \text{Br}-\text{Br} \rightarrow H∣C∣H=H∣C∣CH3+Br−Br→(ii) Which is the correct statement about the test involving bromine water with propene?
Alkenes can be polymerised. Part of the structure of poly(propene) can be represented as
HCH3HCH3∣∣∣∣−C−C−C−C−∣∣∣∣HHHH \begin{array}{cccc} \text{H} & \text{CH}_3 & \text{H} & \text{CH}_3 \\ | & | & | & | \\ -\text{C} & -\text{C} & -\text{C} & -\text{C}- \\ | & | & | & | \\ \text{H} & \text{H} & \text{H} & \text{H} \end{array} H∣−C∣HCH3∣−C∣HH∣−C∣HCH3∣−C−∣HThis structure shows the atoms coming from two molecules of propene. Draw part of the structure of poly(pent-1-ene) that shows the atoms coming from two molecules of pent-1-ene (CH2=CH−CH2−CH2−CH3\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3CH2=CH−CH2−CH2−CH3).
The repeat unit of another addition polymer can be represented as
FF∣∣−C−C−∣∣FF \begin{array}{cc} \text{F} & \text{F} \\ | & | \\ -\text{C} & -\text{C}- \\ | & | \\ \text{F} & \text{F} \end{array} F∣−C∣FF∣−C−∣FDraw the structure of the monomer used to make this polymer.
The disposal of most addition polymers is a problem because they do not biodegrade. (i) What is meant by the term biodegradable?
(ii) Identify the property that prevents addition polymers from easily biodegrading.
