A research group proposes a new physical model for quantum transport in two-dimensional materials after observing anomalous electrical conductivity at ultra-low temperatures.
Which of the following describes the most scientifically rigorous process required for this new model to be validated and accepted by the wider physics community?
The original research group must demonstrate high repeatability by repeating the measurement multiple times under identical conditions with the same apparatus to eliminate all systematic errors.
The research group must publish their experimental methodology and data to allow independent researchers to replicate the findings using different apparatus, accompanied by peer review of the proposed model.
The researchers must adjust the empirical parameters of the existing classical model until it mathematically fits their new anomalous data points, thereby avoiding the need for peer review.
The research group must calibrate their sensors to convert all random experimental fluctuations into constant systematic offsets, ensuring perfect accuracy.