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supplied.","correct":true,"explanation":"The temperature rise depends on the system’s mass, the material’s specific heat capacity, and the amount of energy supplied."},{"text":"Mass, volume, and time taken.","correct":false,"explanation":"Volume and heating time do not directly determine the temperature rise. The relevant factors are mass, material, and energy supplied."},{"text":"Density, material, and power supplied.","correct":false,"explanation":"Density and power are not the three required factors. Temperature rise depends on mass, material, and the total energy supplied."},{"text":"Mass, temperature, and surface area.","correct":false,"explanation":"Starting temperature and surface area may affect practical heating, but the determining factors here are mass, material, and energy supplied."}]},{"id":"1fce670c-b796-4f7b-ae82-15ed580544a5","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does energy transferred by heating do to a system?","back":"The transferred energy raises the system's internal energy.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The transferred energy raises the system's internal energy.","correct":true,"explanation":"Energy transferred by heating increases the system’s internal energy, usually by increasing the particles’ kinetic or potential energy."},{"text":"The transferred energy reduces the system's internal energy.","correct":false,"explanation":"Heating transfers energy into the system, so its internal energy increases. A reduction in internal energy occurs when energy leaves the system."},{"text":"The transferred energy increases the system's mass.","correct":false,"explanation":"Heating does not significantly increase a system’s mass in this context. It raises internal energy, changing the particles’ energy stores."},{"text":"The transferred energy decreases the system's temperature.","correct":false,"explanation":"Heating normally raises temperature when energy increases internal energy. Cooling, rather than heating, usually causes temperature to decrease."}]},{"id":"eb6b5650-0167-4553-b18b-9c9fad3ff7c1","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does a smaller mass have a larger temperature rise when given the same energy?","back":"For the same energy and material, the smaller mass has the larger temperature rise.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"For the same energy and material, the smaller mass has the larger temperature rise.","correct":true,"explanation":"From $\\Delta E = mc\\Delta\\theta$, with energy and material fixed, reducing mass makes the temperature change larger."},{"text":"For the same energy and material, the smaller mass has the smaller temperature rise.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the mass relationship. With fixed energy and material, a smaller mass requires less energy per degree and therefore warms more."},{"text":"For the same energy and material, both masses have the same temperature rise.","correct":false,"explanation":"Equal temperature rises would require equal masses only if the supplied energies differed. With the same energy, the smaller mass rises further in temperature."},{"text":"For the same energy and material, the smaller mass has no temperature rise.","correct":false,"explanation":"The smaller mass still receives energy and its internal energy increases. Because less material is being heated, its temperature rise is larger."}]},{"id":"c936866c-5af5-4461-8e09-5fb4efa49c0a","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why do equal masses of different materials have different temperature rises when given the same energy?","back":"Different materials require different amounts of energy for the same temperature rise.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Different materials require different amounts of energy for the same temperature rise.","correct":true,"explanation":"Materials have different specific heat capacities, so equal masses need different energy transfers to achieve the same temperature change."},{"text":"Different materials always have different masses, causing different temperature rises.","correct":false,"explanation":"The masses are specified as equal. The different temperature rises result from different specific heat capacities, not different masses."},{"text":"Different materials receive different temperatures from the same energy.","correct":false,"explanation":"Energy is transferred, not temperature. Different materials convert the same energy per kilogram into different temperature rises because their specific heat capacities differ."},{"text":"Different materials have different densities, which directly determines the temperature rise.","correct":false,"explanation":"Density is not the quantity in the specific heat capacity equation. The relevant material property is specific heat capacity."}]},{"id":"af92ac86-57a2-4f26-8034-44b57983c3eb","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What energy requirement does specific heat capacity describe?","back":"The amount of energy needed to raise 1 kg by 1 °C.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The amount of energy needed to raise 1 kg by 1 °C.","correct":true,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 °C."},{"text":"The amount of energy needed to raise 1 g by 1 °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"The definition uses 1 kilogram, not 1 gram. Confusing these masses introduces a factor of 1,000 into the energy requirement."},{"text":"The amount of energy needed to raise 1 kg by 10 °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity is defined for a temperature rise of 1 °C. A 10 °C rise requires ten times that energy for the same mass."},{"text":"The amount of energy needed to melt 1 kg at 1 °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"This describes a phase-change energy requirement, not specific heat capacity. Specific heat capacity concerns changing temperature without necessarily changing state."}]},{"id":"5ce24524-b7e5-4204-bb1e-cc359ebbc989","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is the unit of specific heat capacity?","back":"J/kg °C.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"J/kg °C.","correct":true,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity measures energy in joules per kilogram per degree Celsius, so its unit is J/kg °C."},{"text":"J/kg.","correct":false,"explanation":"J/kg omits the temperature-change part of the unit. Specific heat capacity must include per degree Celsius: J/kg °C."},{"text":"kg/J °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the energy and mass relationship. Specific heat capacity is energy divided by mass and temperature change: J/kg °C."},{"text":"J °C/kg.","correct":false,"explanation":"The degree Celsius belongs in the denominator because the value is energy required per kilogram per degree. The correct unit is J/kg °C."}]},{"id":"c19193e0-1318-4b00-9258-0adc3f6499f3","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What equation gives the change in thermal energy?","back":"\$\\Delta E = m c \\Delta\\theta\$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"\$\\Delta E = m c \\Delta\\theta\$.","correct":true,"explanation":"The change in thermal energy equals mass multiplied by specific heat capacity and temperature change: $\\Delta E = mc\\Delta\\theta$."},{"text":"\$\\Delta E = \\dfrac{m c}{\\Delta\\theta}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This incorrectly divides by temperature change. Thermal energy change is proportional to temperature change, so $\\Delta\\theta$ must be multiplied."},{"text":"\$\\Delta E = \\dfrac{m\\Delta\\theta}{c}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This places specific heat capacity in the denominator. A larger specific heat capacity requires more energy, so $c$ must multiply the other factors."},{"text":"\$\\Delta E = \\dfrac{c\\Delta\\theta}{m}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This incorrectly divides by mass. A larger mass requires more energy for the same temperature rise, so mass must be a multiplier."}]},{"id":"800c2c69-7423-4ba7-abc9-41f5d2a193d0","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does \$\\Delta E\$ represent, and what is its unit?","back":"\$\\Delta E\$ is the change in thermal energy, measured in joules (J).","mcqOptions":[{"text":"\$\\Delta E\$ is the change in thermal energy, measured in joules (J).","correct":true,"explanation":"In the specific heat capacity equation, $\\Delta E$ represents the change in thermal energy, and energy is measured in joules (J)."},{"text":"\$\\Delta E\$ is the mass, measured in kilograms (kg).","correct":false,"explanation":"Mass is represented by $m$ and measured in kilograms. $\\Delta E$ represents energy change, measured in joules (J)."},{"text":"\$\\Delta E\$ is the temperature change, measured in °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"Temperature change is represented by $\\Delta\\theta$ and measured in °C. $\\Delta E$ represents the thermal energy change in joules."},{"text":"\$\\Delta E\$ is specific heat capacity, measured in J/kg °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity is represented by $c$ and measured in J/kg °C. $\\Delta E$ is the energy change, measured in joules."}]},{"id":"0fc1b9e1-bc0e-4944-a12b-91e4bf8284c3","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does \$m\$ represent, and what is its unit?","back":"\$m\$ is mass, measured in kilograms (kg).","mcqOptions":[{"text":"\$m\$ is mass, measured in kilograms (kg).","correct":true,"explanation":"The symbol $m$ represents the mass of the system. In this equation, mass must be measured in kilograms."},{"text":"\$m\$ is energy, measured in joules (J).","correct":false,"explanation":"Energy change is represented by $\\Delta E$ and measured in joules. The symbol $m$ represents mass in kilograms."},{"text":"\$m\$ is temperature change, measured in °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"Temperature change is represented by $\\Delta\\theta$. The symbol $m$ represents mass, which is measured in kilograms."},{"text":"\$m\$ is specific heat capacity, measured in J/kg °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity is represented by $c$. The symbol $m$ represents mass and has the unit kilograms."}]},{"id":"8aa1b901-c480-4f20-9b6d-4436f38889f6","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does \$c\$ represent, and what is its unit?","back":"\$c\$ is specific heat capacity, measured in J/kg °C.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"\$c\$ is specific heat capacity, measured in J/kg °C.","correct":true,"explanation":"The symbol $c$ represents specific heat capacity, the energy needed per kilogram per degree Celsius, measured in J/kg °C."},{"text":"\$c\$ is mass, measured in kilograms (kg).","correct":false,"explanation":"Mass is represented by $m$ and measured in kilograms. The symbol $c$ represents specific heat capacity in J/kg °C."},{"text":"\$c\$ is thermal energy, measured in joules (J).","correct":false,"explanation":"Thermal energy change is represented by $\\Delta E$ and measured in joules. $c$ represents specific heat capacity."},{"text":"\$c\$ is temperature change, measured in °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"Temperature change is represented by $\\Delta\\theta$ and measured in °C. $c$ represents specific heat capacity in J/kg °C."}]},{"id":"fb7eb20c-850f-4672-abab-36dc327e75c4","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does \$\\Delta\\theta\$ represent, and what is its unit?","back":"\$\\Delta\\theta\$ is the temperature change, measured in °C.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"\$\\Delta\\theta\$ is the temperature change, measured in °C.","correct":true,"explanation":"The symbol $\\Delta\\theta$ represents the change in temperature, calculated from final temperature minus initial temperature and measured in °C."},{"text":"\$\\Delta\\theta\$ is the thermal energy change, measured in J.","correct":false,"explanation":"Thermal energy change is represented by $\\Delta E$ and measured in joules. $\\Delta\\theta$ represents temperature change in °C."},{"text":"\$\\Delta\\theta\$ is the mass, measured in kg.","correct":false,"explanation":"Mass is represented by $m$ and measured in kilograms. The delta symbol with theta indicates a temperature change."},{"text":"\$\\Delta\\theta\$ is specific heat capacity, measured in J/kg °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity is represented by $c$. $\\Delta\\theta$ represents temperature change and is measured in °C."}]},{"id":"e12c467b-36ce-4b51-bb42-d676c41f1c49","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How is temperature change calculated?","back":"Subtract the starting temperature from the final temperature: \$\\Delta\\theta = \\text{final} - \\text{initial}\$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Subtract the starting temperature from the final temperature: \$\\Delta\\theta = \\text{final} - \\text{initial}\$.","correct":true,"explanation":"Temperature change is final temperature minus initial temperature. This gives a positive value for a rise and a negative value for a fall."},{"text":"Subtract the final temperature from the starting temperature: \$\\Delta\\theta = \\text{initial} - \\text{final}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the subtraction and changes the sign. The correct calculation is final temperature minus initial temperature."},{"text":"Add the starting and final temperatures: \$\\Delta\\theta = \\text{final} + \\text{initial}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"Adding temperatures does not give the change between them. Subtract the initial temperature from the final temperature."},{"text":"Divide the final temperature by the starting temperature: \$\\Delta\\theta = \\text{final} \\div \\text{initial}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"A temperature change is a difference, not a ratio. Calculate it by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature."}]},{"id":"b2e84d23-a30a-4a61-be67-15eb37411c7d","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does a material with a high specific heat capacity need more energy to warm up?","back":"A high-specific-heat-capacity material needs more energy to warm each kilogram by 1 °C.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A high-specific-heat-capacity material needs more energy to warm each kilogram by 1 °C.","correct":true,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity is energy required per kilogram per degree Celsius, so a higher value means more energy is needed for the same warming."},{"text":"A high-specific-heat-capacity material needs less energy to warm each kilogram by 1 °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the definition. A higher specific heat capacity means more energy is required to raise each kilogram by 1 °C."},{"text":"A high-specific-heat-capacity material needs more energy to melt each kilogram at 1 °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"Melting involves specific latent heat, not specific heat capacity. Specific heat capacity describes energy needed to change temperature."},{"text":"A high-specific-heat-capacity material needs the same energy to warm each kilogram by 1 °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"Materials with different specific heat capacities require different energies for the same mass and temperature rise. A higher value requires more energy."}]},{"id":"2ee87890-7ee1-4534-90d5-77a41779c103","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How is the specific heat capacity equation rearranged to find \$c\$?","back":"\$c = \\dfrac{\\Delta E}{m\\Delta\\theta}\$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"\$c = \\dfrac{\\Delta E}{m\\Delta\\theta}\$.","correct":true,"explanation":"Starting with $\\Delta E = mc\\Delta\\theta$, divide both sides by $m\\Delta\\theta$ to isolate $c$."},{"text":"\$c = \\dfrac{m\\Delta\\theta}{\\Delta E}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This is the reciprocal of the correct relationship. Dividing the original equation by $m\\Delta\\theta$ gives $c = \\Delta E/(m\\Delta\\theta)$."},{"text":"\$c = \\dfrac{\\Delta E m}{\\Delta\\theta}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This multiplies by mass instead of dividing by it. To isolate $c$, divide energy change by both mass and temperature change."},{"text":"\$c = \\dfrac{\\Delta E}{m} \\Delta\\theta\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This leaves temperature change as a multiplier rather than a divisor. Both $m$ and $\\Delta\\theta$ belong in the denominator."}]},{"id":"0f21783c-2112-454e-877a-6e18129db88b","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How is the specific heat capacity equation rearranged to find mass?","back":"\$m = \\dfrac{\\Delta E}{c\\Delta\\theta}\$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"\$m = \\dfrac{\\Delta E}{c\\Delta\\theta}\$.","correct":true,"explanation":"From $\\Delta E = mc\\Delta\\theta$, divide both sides by $c\\Delta\\theta$ to make mass the subject."},{"text":"\$m = \\dfrac{c\\Delta\\theta}{\\Delta E}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This is the reciprocal of the required expression. Dividing the original equation by $c\\Delta\\theta$ gives $m = \\Delta E/(c\\Delta\\theta)$."},{"text":"\$m = \\dfrac{\\Delta E c}{\\Delta\\theta}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity should be divided out, not multiplied. Mass equals energy change divided by specific heat capacity and temperature change."},{"text":"\$m = \\dfrac{\\Delta E}{c} \\Delta\\theta\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This multiplies by temperature change after dividing by specific heat capacity. Temperature change must also be in the denominator."}]},{"id":"1b0fef37-7660-42f8-81de-c8c934360b25","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How is the specific heat capacity equation rearranged to find temperature change?","back":"\$\\Delta\\theta = \\dfrac{\\Delta E}{mc}\$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"\$\\Delta\\theta = \\dfrac{\\Delta E}{mc}\$.","correct":true,"explanation":"From $\\Delta E = mc\\Delta\\theta$, divide both sides by $mc$ to isolate the temperature change."},{"text":"\$\\Delta\\theta = \\dfrac{mc}{\\Delta E}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This is the reciprocal of the correct rearrangement. Dividing energy change by mass and specific heat capacity gives temperature change."},{"text":"\$\\Delta\\theta = \\dfrac{\\Delta E m}{c}\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"Mass should be divided out with specific heat capacity, not multiplied. The correct denominator is the product $mc$."},{"text":"\$\\Delta\\theta = \\dfrac{\\Delta E}{m}c\$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This leaves specific heat capacity as a multiplier. Both mass and specific heat capacity must divide the energy change."}]},{"id":"46e35f7f-4dca-4373-ab43-b76ad93161fb","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"A 2.0 kg aluminium block has \$c = 900\\ \\text{J/kg °C}\$ and rises by 15 °C. What is its change in thermal energy?","back":"27,000 J.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"27,000 J.","correct":true,"explanation":"Using ΔE = mcΔθ gives 2.0 × 900 × 15 = 27,000 J. This is the thermal energy transferred to the aluminium block."},{"text":"13,500 J.","correct":false,"explanation":"This results from halving the mass unnecessarily. Using the full 2.0 kg mass in ΔE = mcΔθ gives 2.0 × 900 × 15 = 27,000 J."},{"text":"1,800 J.","correct":false,"explanation":"This only multiplies the mass by the specific heat capacity and omits the 15 °C temperature change. Multiplying all three quantities gives 27,000 J."},{"text":"270,000 J.","correct":false,"explanation":"This introduces an extra factor of ten when using the temperature change. The correct calculation is 2.0 × 900 × 15, giving 27,000 J."}]},{"id":"90f9c7eb-2b0c-4daf-ac64-8434eb21e82a","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"A heater transfers 12,600 J to a 0.50 kg block whose temperature rises by 20 °C. What is its specific heat capacity?","back":"1260 J/kg °C.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"1260 J/kg °C.","correct":true,"explanation":"Rearranging ΔE = mcΔθ gives c = ΔE/(mΔθ). Substituting the values gives 12,600/(0.50 × 20) = 1260 J/kg °C."},{"text":"630 J/kg °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"This treats the block as having a mass of 1.0 kg rather than 0.50 kg. Dividing 12,600 by 0.50 × 20 gives 1260 J/kg °C."},{"text":"25,200 J/kg °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"This divides the energy by the mass but fails to divide by the 20 °C temperature rise. Using c = ΔE/(mΔθ) gives 1260 J/kg °C."},{"text":"12.6 J/kg °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"This comes from mishandling the decimal mass or introducing an extra factor of 1000. The correct denominator is 0.50 × 20 = 10, giving 1260 J/kg °C."}]},{"id":"1099306f-bb63-439c-8669-5b8cad495c33","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"A substance is heated from 20 °C to 65 °C. What is its temperature change?","back":"45 °C.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"45 °C.","correct":true,"explanation":"Temperature change is the final temperature minus the initial temperature. Therefore, Δθ = 65 °C - 20 °C = 45 °C."},{"text":"85 °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"This adds the initial and final temperatures instead of finding their difference. The temperature change is 65 °C - 20 °C = 45 °C."},{"text":"-45 °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the subtraction and gives a negative change despite the substance being heated. Final minus initial gives 65 °C - 20 °C = 45 °C."},{"text":"35 °C.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reflects an incorrect subtraction of the initial temperature from the final temperature. Correctly calculating 65 - 20 gives a temperature increase of 45 °C."}]},{"id":"75185e83-f0a4-44fc-a265-2df7b3e1ade2","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The temperature rise depends on the substance's [ ], material, and energy supplied.","back":"The temperature rise depends on the substance's mass, material, and energy supplied.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"mass","correct":true,"explanation":"For a given material, Δθ = ΔE/(mc), so the temperature rise depends on mass as well as the material’s specific heat capacity and the energy supplied."},{"text":"volume","correct":false,"explanation":"Volume alone does not determine the temperature rise because substances can have different densities. The relevant quantity in ΔE = mcΔθ is the substance’s mass."},{"text":"surface area","correct":false,"explanation":"Surface area can affect the rate of heat transfer to the surroundings, but it is not a quantity in ΔE = mcΔθ. The required property is mass."},{"text":"temperature","correct":false,"explanation":"The temperature rise is the outcome being calculated, not the amount of substance in the equation. For fixed material and energy, it depends on the substance’s mass."}]},{"id":"6fad234e-3fac-4d1a-b8ad-36a0f4e599b6","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"For the same material and energy, a smaller mass has a [ ].","back":"For the same material and energy, a smaller mass has a larger temperature rise.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"larger temperature rise","correct":true,"explanation":"From Δθ = ΔE/(mc), reducing the mass while keeping the energy and material constant increases the temperature change, producing a larger temperature rise."},{"text":"smaller temperature rise","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the inverse relationship between mass and temperature change. With the same material and energy, a smaller mass undergoes a larger temperature rise."},{"text":"larger specific heat capacity","correct":false,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity is a property of the material and does not increase when its mass decreases. A smaller mass instead has a larger temperature rise."},{"text":"smaller energy transfer","correct":false,"explanation":"The question keeps the supplied energy constant, so reducing the mass does not reduce the transfer. It causes a larger temperature rise because less material is being heated."}]},{"id":"7fd39742-265a-407e-b996-e33a1cee0948","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Specific heat capacity is measured in [ ].","back":"Specific heat capacity is measured in \$\\text{J/kg °C}\$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"\$\\text{J/kg °C}\$","correct":true,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity is the energy needed to raise one kilogram of a substance by 1 °C, so its unit is joules per kilogram per degree Celsius."},{"text":"\$\\text{J/kg}\$","correct":false,"explanation":"This omits the temperature interval from the denominator. Specific heat capacity measures energy per kilogram per degree of temperature change, so the correct unit is J/kg °C."},{"text":"\$\\text{J °C/kg}\$","correct":false,"explanation":"This places degrees Celsius in the numerator, implying energy multiplied by temperature. Temperature change belongs in the denominator, giving the unit J/kg °C."},{"text":"\$\\text{J/kg² °C}\$","correct":false,"explanation":"This incorrectly squares the mass unit. Specific heat capacity is energy per single kilogram per degree Celsius, so the correct unit is J/kg °C."}]},{"id":"3215da4e-0ca6-408e-9d3b-ddc1c52db4e5","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"In \$\\Delta E = mc\\Delta\\theta\$, \$\\Delta\\theta\$ means the [ ].","back":"In \$\\Delta E = mc\\Delta\\theta\$, \$\\Delta\\theta\$ means the temperature change.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"temperature change","correct":true,"explanation":"The delta symbol indicates a change in a quantity, so Δθ is the final temperature minus the initial temperature, measured in °C or K."},{"text":"final temperature","correct":false,"explanation":"Delta does not represent the final value alone. Δθ is the temperature change, calculated by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature."},{"text":"initial temperature","correct":false,"explanation":"Δθ is not the temperature before heating. It represents the temperature change, found from the final temperature minus the initial temperature."},{"text":"thermal energy change","correct":false,"explanation":"The thermal energy change is represented by ΔE on the left side of the equation. Δθ specifically represents the change in temperature."}]},{"id":"701f53b0-f6ba-499e-b0ad-478016074db5","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A material with a high specific heat capacity needs [ ] to warm each kilogram by 1 °C.","back":"A material with a high specific heat capacity needs more energy to warm each kilogram by 1 °C.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"more energy","correct":true,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity is the energy required per kilogram for a 1 °C rise. A higher value therefore means that more energy is needed."},{"text":"less energy","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the meaning of a high specific heat capacity. A material with a high value requires more energy to raise each kilogram by 1 °C."},{"text":"less mass","correct":false,"explanation":"Specific heat capacity describes the energy required for each kilogram and does not specify how much material is present. A high value means more energy is needed."},{"text":"more time","correct":false,"explanation":"Heating time depends on the heater’s power as well as the required energy. Specific heat capacity directly states that more energy is needed per kilogram per 1 °C."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-25","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"3.2.2 Temperature changes in a system and specific heat capacity","title":"3.2.2 Temperature changes in a system and specific heat capacity Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/physics/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L38"}]}],"topicId":"f75be170-f1d6-5e23-8386-ee9184bc3e3b","walled":"$L39"}],"$L3a","$L3b"]