The physical landscape of the UK exhibits a clear contrast between upland and lowland regions, largely determined by geology. Which of the following statements correctly explains the relationship between rock type, resistance, and the resulting landscape relief in the UK?
Lowland regions in the south and east are dominated by older, highly resistant metamorphic rocks that have been weathered down over geological time to form low-lying, flat plains.
Upland regions in the north and west are dominated by younger, weak sedimentary rocks like chalk and clay, which form steep, rugged peaks due to rapid tectonic uplift.
Upland regions in the north and west are dominated by older, resistant igneous and metamorphic rocks that resist erosion to form rugged, high-relief terrain, whereas lowland regions in the south and east consist of younger, weaker sedimentary rocks forming gentler relief.
Lowland regions in the south and east are formed from ancient, resistant granite batholiths that have undergone extensive chemical weathering to produce flat, low-lying clay vales.
