Focus of the extracts: what the requirement means

1. Specification focus. It will include extracts from novels and short stories and focus on openings, endings, narrative perspectives and points of view, narrative or descriptive passages, character, atmospheric descriptions and other appropriate narrative and descriptive approaches.
2. Why it matters. The skill is assessed through the quality of the response, not through a memorised label. Examiners reward choices that are accurate, relevant and clearly connected to meaning, purpose or audience.

Focus of the extracts: a reliable method

1. Read for orientation. Establish who communicates, what happens or is argued, and the text's overall purpose before focusing on details.
2. Separate explicit and implicit meaning. Record what the text states directly, then infer what attitudes, motives or consequences are suggested.
3. Select precise evidence. Use the smallest quotation or reference that proves the point. Keep evidence relevant to the exact wording of the question.
4. Explain and verify. Show how the evidence supports the interpretation and check it against the surrounding passage so that the inference remains defensible.

Focus of the extracts: worked application

1. Model the thinking. If a narrator says little but repeatedly notices exits and watches other people, the explicit details concern setting and observation; the defensible inference may be anxiety, caution or a desire to escape.
2. Develop rather than list. One developed example normally shows greater control than several labels. Explain the relationship between choice, evidence and effect.