An oil refinery separates crude oil into fractions by fractional distillation.
The table shows information about the fractions.
| Fraction | Number of carbon atoms in each molecule | Boiling range (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| refinery gases | 1–4 | below 20 |
| petrol | 5–10 | 20–180 |
| paraffin | 11–16 | 180–260 |
| diesel | 17–20 | 260–340 |
| fuel oil | 21–40 | 340–400 |
| bitumen | more than 40 | above 400 |
A Molecule in one of the fractions has 13 carbon atoms.
Which fraction contains this molecule?
Predict the state of the paraffin fraction at 20 °C.
Use the table to explain your answer.
Describe and explain how fractional distillation separates crude oil into the fractions in the table.
Use the information in the table and ideas about the size of the molecules and the forces between them.
63 exam-style questions on OCR GCSE Chemistry 6.2 Organic chemistry, covering 6.2.1 Crude oil and fractional distillation, 6.2.2 Cracking and dependence on hydrocarbons, 6.2.3 Functional groups and homologous series, 6.2.4 Reactions of alkanes, alkenes and alcohols, 6.2.5 Addition polymerisation and repeat units, 6.2.6 Naturally occurring polymers, 6.2.7 Chemical cells and fuel cells, and 6.2.8 Condensation polymerisation and how to make one. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.