a.[1]
State the chemical formula of the alkane with 12 carbon atoms.
b.[2]
Write the balanced symbol equation for the complete combustion of butane, C4H10\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10}C4H10.
c.[1]
Butane can also undergo incomplete combustion. Carbon monoxide and water are two products. State one other possible solid product of the incomplete combustion of butane.
d.[4]
Alkanes are separated from crude oil using fractional distillation.
Explain why the refinery gases fraction is collected at the top of the fractionating column. Use ideas about molecular size and intermolecular forces.
e.[1]
Name the industrial sector (industry) for which crude oil serves as a major feedstock.
f.[4]
Match each reaction description with the correct chemical formula of its product.
Descriptions:
- Made when propan-1-ol is fully oxidised.
- Made by an addition reaction between propene and hydrogen, H2\text{H}_2H2.
- Made when propene reacts with bromine gas, Br2\text{Br}_2Br2.
- Made in a condensation polymerisation reaction between a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine.
Formulas:
- Formula A: CH3CH2COOH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}CH3CH2COOH
- Formula B: CH3CH2CH3\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3CH3CH2CH3
- Formula C: CH3CHBrCH2Br\text{CH}_3\text{CHBrCH}_2\text{Br}CH3CHBrCH2Br
- Formula D: {−([NH−CH2CH2−NH−CO−CH2CH2−CO]−}n\{-([\text{NH}-\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2-\text{NH}-\text{CO}-\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2-\text{CO}]-\}_n{−([NH−CH2CH2−NH−CO−CH2CH2−CO]−}n