A student investigates the neutralisation reaction between potassium hydroxide solution and dilute nitric acid. They carry out a titration experiment. The conical flask contains 25 cm3 of the dilute nitric acid, and the burette is filled with the potassium hydroxide solution.
Describe how the student uses this apparatus to perform a titration to find the exact volume of potassium hydroxide needed to neutralise the nitric acid. Include the name of a suitable indicator and state the colour change that would be observed at the end-point.
The student repeats the titration several times to obtain consistent results.
What is meant by the term concordant results?
In the titration, the student:
The equation for the reaction is:
HNO3+KOH→KNO3+H2O \text{HNO}_3 + \text{KOH} \rightarrow \text{KNO}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} HNO3+KOH→KNO3+H2OCalculate the average volume of potassium hydroxide used, in cm3\text{cm}^3cm3.