A student investigates the neutralisation reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and dilute sulfuric acid. They carry out a titration experiment. The conical flask contains 20 cm3 of the dilute sulfuric acid, and the burette is filled with the sodium hydroxide solution.
Describe how the student uses this apparatus to perform a titration to find the exact volume of sodium hydroxide needed to neutralise the sulfuric acid. Include the name of a suitable indicator and state the colour change that would be observed at the end-point.
The student repeats the titration several times to obtain consistent results.
What is meant by the term concordant results?
In the titration, the student:
The equation for the reaction is: H2SO4+2NaOH→Na2SO4+2H2O\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 + 2\text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}H2SO4+2NaOH→Na2SO4+2H2O
Calculate the average volume of sodium hydroxide used, in cm3\text{cm}^3cm3.