A student investigates the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate chips and dilute hydrochloric acid.
They record the volume of carbon dioxide gas collected over time and plot the results on the graph below. A tangent has been drawn on the curve at t=60 st = 60\text{ s}t=60 s.
Suggest a piece of apparatus, other than an upturned measuring cylinder, that could be used to collect and measure the volume of carbon dioxide gas.
Use the graph and the tangent line to calculate the rate of reaction at 60 seconds60\text{ seconds}60 seconds. Show your working.
The reaction is repeated using a catalyst.
State how adding a catalyst affects the initial rate of the reaction.
State how adding a catalyst affects the final volume of carbon dioxide gas collected.