86:"UserProgressProvider" 87:I[651451,["$1","$2","$3","$4","$5","$6","$7","$8","$9","$a","$b","$c","$d","$e","$f","$10","$11","$12","$13","$19","$1a","$1b","$1c","$1d","$1e","$1f","$20","$21","$22","$23","$24","$25","$26","$27","$28","$50","$51","$52","$53","$54","$55","$56","$57","$58","$59","$5a","$5b","$5c","$5d","$5e","$5f","$60","$61","$62","$63","$64","$65","$66","$67","$68","$69","$6a","$6b","$6c","$6d"],"$86"] 88:I[196793,["$1","$2","$3","$4","$5","$6","$7","$8","$9","$a","$b","$c","$d","$e","$f","$10","$11","$12","$13","$19","$1a","$1b","$1c","$1d","$1e","$1f","$20","$21","$22","$23","$24","$25","$26","$27","$28","$50","$51","$52","$53","$54","$55","$56","$57","$58","$59","$5a","$5b","$5c","$5d","$5e","$5f","$60","$61","$62","$63","$64","$65","$66","$67","$68","$69","$6a","$6b","$6c","$6d"],"Gingerbread"] 8a:"TopicRecentlyViewed" 8b:I[716297,["$1","$2","$3","$4","$5","$6","$7","$8","$9","$a","$b","$c","$d","$e","$f","$10","$11","$12","$13","$19","$1a","$1b","$1c","$1d","$1e","$1f","$20","$21","$22","$23","$24","$25","$26","$27","$28","$50","$51","$52","$53","$54","$55","$56","$57","$58","$59","$5a","$5b","$5c","$5d","$5e","$5f","$60","$61","$62","$63","$64","$65","$66","$67","$68","$69","$6a","$6b","$6c","$6d"],"$8a"] 8c:"RecordResourceResume" 8d:I[647935,["$1","$2","$3","$4","$5","$6","$7","$8","$9","$a","$b","$c","$d","$e","$f","$10","$11","$12","$13","$19","$1a","$1b","$1c","$1d","$1e","$1f","$20","$21","$22","$23","$24","$25","$26","$27","$28","$50","$51","$52","$53","$54","$55","$56","$57","$58","$59","$5a","$5b","$5c","$5d","$5e","$5f","$60","$61","$62","$63","$64","$65","$66","$67","$68","$69","$6a","$6b","$6c","$6d"],"$8c"] 8e:"TopicQuestionBank" 8f:I[426249,["$1","$2","$3","$4","$5","$6","$7","$8","$9","$a","$b","$c","$d","$e","$f","$10","$11","$12","$13","$19","$1a","$1b","$1c","$1d","$1e","$1f","$20","$21","$22","$23","$24","$25","$26","$27","$28","$50","$51","$52","$53","$54","$55","$56","$57","$58","$59","$5a","$5b","$5c","$5d","$5e","$5f","$60","$61","$62","$63","$64","$65","$66","$67","$68","$69","$6a","$6b","$6c","$6d"],"$8e"] 90:T456,The table compares how diammonium phosphate is made in a school laboratory and in industry. | Feature | Laboratory preparation | Industrial production | | :---: | :---: | :---: | | mass made | about 20 g | about 3000 tonnes per day | | source of ammonia | bottle of ammonia solution | made on site by the Haber process, from nitrogen in the air and hydrogen from natural gas | | source of phosphoric acid | bottle of phosphoric acid | made on site by reacting phosphate rock with sulfuric acid | | how the reactants are mixed | ammonia solution added to the acid from a burette, using an indicator | ammonia and acid fed into a large reactor all the time | | how the solid is obtained | solution heated to evaporate water, then left to crystallise | water evaporated using heat given out by the reaction; solid made into small pellets | | how long it runs | one batch, a few hours | non-stop, day and night | Compare the laboratory preparation of diammonium phosphate with its industrial production. Use the information in the table and your own knowledge. Explain the reasons for the differences.91:T873,Indicative content: - both use the same reaction: ammonia neutralises the (phosphoric) acid - both get the solid by evaporating water from the solution - the laboratory makes a few grams; industry makes thousands of tonnes, because farmers need very large amounts - the laboratory buys pure ammonia solution and phosphoric acid; industry makes them from raw materials (air, natural gas, water, phosphate rock, sulfuric acid) - industry uses several integrated processes on one site, e.g. the Haber process makes the ammonia, so there is less transport and it is cheaper - the laboratory is a batch process; industry is continuous, so it makes product all the time and is more efficient - the laboratory uses a burette and indicator (a titration) to find the right amounts; industry controls the flow of reactants into the reactor - the laboratory uses a Bunsen burner / water bath to evaporate the water; industry uses heat given out by the reaction, which saves energy and money - the laboratory makes crystals; industry makes pellets that are easy for farmers to store and spread - industry needs low costs and high output; the laboratory is about learning the method, so cost and energy matter less Level 3 (5–6 marks): Gives at least one similarity AND several differences from the table AND explains the reasons for at least two differences, including the use of integrated processes or continuous production. There is a well-developed line of reasoning which is clear and logically structured. The information presented is relevant and substantiated. Level 2 (3–4 marks): Gives several differences from the table AND explains the reason for at least one difference. There is a line of reasoning presented with some structure. The information presented is relevant and supported by some evidence. Level 1 (1–2 marks): Gives at least one difference OR one similarity between the two methods. There is an attempt at a logical structure with a line of reasoning. The information is in the most part relevant. - 0 marks: no response or no response worthy of credit - Copying rows of the table without comparing them is limited to Level 171:["$","$L87",null,{"bundle":{"topicIds":["f888cc15-6319-535c-8206-b87fc465d259","935aa989-f3cd-5f81-8675-05f26fdb0fe8","5653a0b3-f403-5729-a846-baba387a6fc7","a588c715-9216-5eaf-93e1-9e6a87945825","4f26af7c-2c11-5965-9ac6-9fc3d7d5e12a","3ea52251-20dd-58bf-8aa5-88cfe17af11a","9cb986b8-3608-5bd0-8269-29cee047d756","70c924a9-515b-5436-888c-80ddd53042b6","5e2cfa36-2f31-585d-8f6a-44b0931d979e"],"paperIds":[],"stageIds":[],"stageTopicIds":[],"stageAssessmentIds":[],"topicNoteIds":["243a85f0-27a4-442b-b1dc-76c042aa72a1"]},"children":[["$","$L88",null,{"feature":"question-bank"}],"$L89",["$","$L8b",null,{"subjectCode":"gcse_chemistry__ocr","subjectName":"Chemistry","topicSlug":"improving-processes-and-products","topicTitle":"6.1 Improving processes and products","sectionTitle":null,"activity":"worksheet","resourceTitle":"6.1 Improving processes and products Questions","resourceHref":"/gcse/chemistry/ocr/improving-processes-and-products/questions/q1","saveTrail":false}],["$","$L8d",null,{"href":"/gcse/chemistry/ocr/improving-processes-and-products/questions/q1","label":"6.1 Improving processes and products","subjectCode":"gcse_chemistry__ocr","surface":"questions"}],["$","script",null,{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"LearningResource\",\"name\":\"Question 8 – 6.1 Improving processes and products - Questions\",\"description\":\"Practise 6.1 Improving processes and products GCSE Chemistry exam-style questions with worked solutions on MathsGenie.\",\"learningResourceType\":\"Practice questions\",\"educationalLevel\":\"GCSE\",\"about\":{\"@type\":\"Thing\",\"name\":\"6.1 Improving processes and products\"},\"url\":\"https://mathsgenie.co.uk/gcse/chemistry/ocr/improving-processes-and-products/questions/q8\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"provider\":{\"@id\":\"https://mathsgenie.co.uk/#organization\"}}"}}],["$","div",null,{"className":"min-h-0 w-full flex-1 overflow-hidden bg-background","children":["$","$L8f",null,{"backHref":"/gcse/chemistry/ocr/questions","basePath":"/gcse/chemistry/ocr/improving-processes-and-products/questions","formulaUrl":"https://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/742420-data-sheet-chemistry-a.pdf","initialIndex":7,"initialQuestionWindow":[{"id":"3c202d8b-bb79-4a71-8a44-de9927d56c80","revisionId":"a344400c-c179-4142-99df-77c9c84b3452","questionNumber":"4","questionType":"LA","specification":"A café wants to choose a type of cup for hot drinks.\n\n**Cup A** is a single-use paper cup with a thin plastic lining. It is used once and then thrown away.\n\n**Cup B** is a reusable stainless steel cup. It is washed after every use. One cup B lasts for 500 uses.\n\nThe table shows some life cycle assessment (LCA) data for **one** cup of each type.\n\n| Stage of the life cycle | Energy used for one cup A (MJ) | Energy used for one cup B (MJ) |\n| :---: | :---: | :---: |\n| getting the raw materials | 0.40 | 30.0 |\n| manufacturing the cup | 0.20 | 15.0 |\n| washing (each use) | 0 | 0.12 |\n| disposal | 0.05 | 0.50 |","difficultyBand":"hard","tier":"foundation","totalMarks":11,"sourceTitle":"Non-mcqs Unit 6.1, 6.2","calculatorUse":null,"isCalculation":true,"parts":[{"id":"d987ff41-5b0f-4c28-a43b-6926aaf77edb","label":"a","content":"An LCA also looks at things other than energy.\n\n Give **one** other thing that should be included in an LCA of the cups.","metadata":null,"markscheme":"- carbon dioxide / greenhouse gases released 1 mark\n ALLOW water used / waste produced / pollution / amount of raw materials used / land used ; IGNORE cost","marks":1,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]},{"id":"92c59ab4-3bff-4c92-917b-7adc1ea1d7d7","label":"b.i","content":"Calculate the total energy used for one cup A.","metadata":null,"markscheme":"- 0.65 (MJ) 1 mark","marks":1,"order":1,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]},{"id":"ed9d59aa-1013-4371-9af0-bdb8cbac9953","label":"b.ii","content":"Calculate the energy used **per use** for cup B over its whole life of 500 uses.\n\n Give your answer to 2 significant figures.\n\n Energy used per use = ...... MJ","metadata":null,"markscheme":"- energy for washing = 500 × 0.12 = 60 (MJ) 1 mark\n- total energy = 30.0 + 15.0 + 60 + 0.50 = 105.5 (MJ) 1 mark\n- 105.5 ÷ 500 = 0.21 (MJ) 1 mark\n\n- First check the answer on the answer line. If answer = 0.21 (MJ) award 3 marks\n- ALLOW ECF from an incorrect total for MP3\n- 0.211 (MJ) = 2 marks (not 2 significant figures)\n- 0.091 (MJ) (washing missed / not multiplied by 500) = 1 mark\n","marks":3,"order":2,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]},{"id":"c3fd7cd3-3625-47ca-9c67-2fbb13bf0a66","label":"c","content":"The café owner says:\n\n \"Cup A is better for the environment, because one cup A uses much less energy than one cup B.\"\n\n Evaluate the café owner's statement. Use your answers to (b).","metadata":null,"markscheme":"Any three from:\n- the statement is not correct / the comparison is unfair, because cup B is used 500 times but cup A is used once 1 mark\n- per use, cup B uses less energy: 0.21 MJ compared with 0.65 MJ for cup A 1 mark\n- cup B uses about one third of the energy of cup A per use / cup A uses about three times as much 1 mark\n- cup B is only better if it is used many times (about 86 times or more) / if it is lost or broken early it uses more energy 1 mark\n- other factors also matter, e.g. cup A makes much more waste / water is used to wash cup B 1 mark\n ALLOW ECF from (b) ; a comparison using numbers is needed for MP2","marks":3,"order":3,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]},{"id":"1902781b-063f-40e4-9744-b63d55cd93a7","label":"d","content":"Cup A has a plastic lining stuck to the paper.\n\n Suggest why cup A is difficult to recycle.","metadata":null,"markscheme":"- the paper and the plastic have to be separated, which is difficult / expensive 1 mark\n ALLOW the paper is contaminated with plastic (and drink)","marks":1,"order":4,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]},{"id":"9744ed12-107b-47e8-96a7-d6000b5a326a","label":"e","content":"At the end of its life, cup B can be melted down. The steel can be used to make different products, such as car parts.\n\n Explain why recycling the steel in this way is worthwhile.","metadata":null,"markscheme":"Any two from:\n- it uses less energy than extracting new iron from its ore / making new steel 1 mark\n- it saves raw materials / iron ore, which is a finite resource 1 mark\n- less waste goes to landfill / less mining is needed 1 mark\n- steel can be melted and reused many times without losing its properties 1 mark\n IGNORE better for the environment on its own ; IGNORE steel is magnetic","marks":2,"order":5,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null,"walkthroughVideo":null},{"id":"4853e0ce-f2ca-4e22-b578-e6004e41c98a","revisionId":"e9e47156-e98a-4721-8e02-8972834eb357","questionNumber":"4","questionType":"MC","specification":"","difficultyBand":"hard","tier":"foundation","totalMarks":1,"sourceTitle":"MCQs Unit 6.1","calculatorUse":null,"isCalculation":false,"parts":[{"id":"d5264c10-cd97-4df3-8031-285a02b8b7db","label":null,"content":"A student does some experiments with three metals, P, Q and R.\n\n| Experiment | Result |\n| :---: | :---: |\n| Heat the oxide of P with carbon | P is formed |\n| Heat the oxide of Q with carbon | no reaction |\n| Add P to a solution of a salt of R | R is formed |\n\nWhich row shows the order of reactivity, most reactive first, and the method that must be used to extract Q from its compounds?","metadata":null,"markscheme":null,"marks":1,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]}],"options":[{"id":"02d47c3c-e4dd-41f9-8e46-de80ac82e41b","content":"Q, P, R; electrolysis of a molten compound of Q","correct":true,"markscheme":null,"order":0,"metadata":null},{"id":"acfc015e-c457-4171-8f6a-0670152fbdc5","content":"R, P, Q; heating the oxide of Q with carbon","correct":false,"markscheme":null,"order":1,"metadata":null},{"id":"1451c525-adb7-4ace-be07-8c6d7608f4c9","content":"Q, R, P; electrolysis of a molten compound of Q","correct":false,"markscheme":null,"order":2,"metadata":null},{"id":"1ae5cacb-fd71-44b9-8e6e-a76ce983b0f2","content":"P, R, Q; heating the oxide of Q with carbon","correct":false,"markscheme":null,"order":3,"metadata":null}],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null,"walkthroughVideo":null},{"id":"b20066f7-9067-4c67-8d53-b58c8cb05a4b","revisionId":"20ee3dbe-d8e2-42bc-9f19-4452d8d724dc","questionNumber":"5","questionType":"LA","specification":"Farmers use fertilisers to increase the yield of their crops.\n\nDiammonium phosphate, $\\mathrm{(NH_{4})_{2}HPO_{4}}$, is a fertiliser. It is made by reacting ammonia with phosphoric acid.\n\nammonia + phosphoric acid $\\rightarrow$ diammonium phosphate","difficultyBand":"hard","tier":"foundation","totalMarks":12,"sourceTitle":"Non-mcqs Unit 6.1, 6.2","calculatorUse":null,"isCalculation":true,"parts":[{"id":"5ea9a5cc-c207-4a96-a93e-1ca550a48f22","label":"a","content":"Name the **three** elements, in compounds, that are most important in fertilisers.","metadata":null,"markscheme":"- nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 1 mark\n All three needed ; ALLOW N, P, K ; DO NOT ALLOW phosphate / nitrate for the elements","marks":1,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]},{"id":"f35678a2-8954-4ebc-afa9-a4a0d513dd03","label":"b","content":"Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in diammonium phosphate, $\\mathrm{(NH_{4})_{2}HPO_{4}}$.\n\n Use the equation: percentage of nitrogen = (total Ar of the nitrogen atoms ÷ Mr of the compound) × 100\n\n Relative atomic mass (Ar): H = 1.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0, P = 31.0\n\n Give your answer to 3 significant figures.\n\n Percentage of nitrogen = ...... %","metadata":null,"markscheme":"- Mr = (2 × 14.0) + (9 × 1.0) + 31.0 + (4 × 16.0) = 132.0 1 mark\n- (28.0 ÷ 132.0) × 100 1 mark\n- 21.2 (%) 1 mark\n\n- First check the answer on the answer line. 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Improving processes and products","topicId":"f888cc15-6319-535c-8206-b87fc465d259","topicSidebar":"$L92","topicSlug":"improving-processes-and-products","topicTitle":"6.1 Improving processes and products"}]}],"$L93","$L94"]}]

Experiment	Result
Heat the oxide of P with carbon	P is formed
Heat the oxide of Q with carbon	no reaction
Add P to a solution of a salt of R	R is formed

6.1 Improving processes and products

Question 2

6.1 Improving processes and products Questions

6.1 Improving processes and products

Question 2

6.1 Improving processes and products Questions