Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are crucial for improving industrial processes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The table below lists potential advantages and disadvantages of two prominent CCS methods: post-combustion capture (using liquid amine solvents) and oxy-fuel combustion capture.
| Technology | Advantage | Disadvantage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Post-combustion capture | It can be retrofitted to existing fossil-fuel power stations without major structural modification to the boiler. | Solvent regeneration is exothermic, requiring continuous cooling which significantly increases the plant's water consumption. |
| B | Oxy-fuel combustion | The combustion of fuel in pure oxygen produces a flue gas consisting mostly of CO2\text{CO}_2CO2 and H2O\text{H}_2\text{O}H2O, allowing simple separation of CO2\text{CO}_2CO2 via condensation. | Operating the cryogenic air separation unit to produce pure oxygen requires a very large input of electricity, reducing overall plant efficiency. |
| C | Post-combustion capture | The amine solvents used are completely non-volatile and do not undergo any thermal or oxidative chemical degradation over repeated cycles. | The process requires high-pressure compression of the entire flue gas stream to over 100 atm100\text{ atm}100 atm before the absorption column can function. |
| D | Oxy-fuel combustion | The absence of nitrogen in the combustion chamber completely eliminates the need for any flue-gas desulphurisation (FGD) units. | The combustion of fuel in pure oxygen results in extremely low furnace temperatures, lowering the thermodynamic efficiency of the steam cycle. |
Which row in the table is correct?
Row A
Row B
Row C
Row D