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24:[["$","$L33",null,{"feature":"flashcards"}],"$L34",["$","$L35",null,{"href":"/gcse/chemistry/edexcel/making-water-potable/flashcards","label":"3.2.4 Making water potable","subjectCode":"gcse_chemistry","surface":"flashcards"}],["$","$L36",null,{"runner":["$","div",null,{"className":"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden bg-background","children":["$","$L37",null,{"decks":[{"id":"d4e33f40-16be-4682-b5f9-dddca359a62f","title":"3.2.4 Making water potable Flashcards","topicId":"0e3c777b-214f-5ef1-abaa-d3e06a12b66a","topicSlug":"making-water-potable","cards":[{"id":"e8799849-72dd-4cf1-9220-b7591799f426","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does potable mean?","back":"Water that is safe to drink, though it may contain harmless dissolved substances.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"a3035062-557a-46df-b42b-5fb7d6b76648","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is potable water not chemically pure?","back":"It may contain dissolved substances that cause no harm at their existing levels.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"d7690f80-71a5-44c4-b081-7ee00032fe2e","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What three types of impurity can fresh water contain?","back":"

Insoluble particles
Dissolved substances
Harmful microorganisms

","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"30e9eb41-5104-4b49-be4a-4fd8bd444e98","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What problem must water treatment solve before fresh water is safe to drink?","back":"It must remove or deal with insoluble particles and harmful microorganisms.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"1277b408-639b-4742-a518-90d82319f90c","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What happens during sedimentation?","back":"Water is left to stand so suspended insoluble particles sink under gravity.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"c2a430a3-19e1-4dfd-b6cd-dee1db3b6c5d","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is removed after sedimentation?","back":"The settled sludge is drawn off.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"be7b6d18-bcf4-4540-9de2-4a5e3705df88","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What materials are used in filtration of fresh water?","back":"Beds of sand and gravel.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"05e26ec4-db60-4261-9baa-fd7f3a547abd","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does filtration remove from fresh water?","back":"It traps the remaining insoluble particles.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"8d9780a3-44c3-4b6f-b1f5-cd4357f0b6c7","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does filtration not remove dissolved salts?","back":"Dissolved particles pass straight through the filter beds with the water.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"cf5ef53a-3855-4dc9-a0ec-421efcedb032","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is the purpose of chlorination?","back":"Adding chlorine to kill harmful microorganisms.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"942fa965-d44a-4f03-97c4-0314407122f0","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is chlorination carried out after filtration?","back":"Filtration leaves microorganisms behind, so chlorine is added afterwards to kill them.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"ae047f25-e2e0-4f86-bb9b-ee6d04b33586","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is the correct order for treating fresh water?","back":"Sedimentation, then filtration, then chlorination.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"4ba177b7-57af-49cc-91d3-767f3c89cfdb","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does sea water require different treatment from fresh water?","back":"Its main problem is dissolved salt, rather than insoluble particles.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"8811c79b-7df5-43c2-a42e-8a72a6c8c6c1","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why cannot filtration and chlorination make sea water drinkable?","back":"They do not remove the large amount of dissolved salt.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"2b5e616e-4d7b-4374-b1a3-360b4222649c","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"In sedimentation, suspended insoluble particles sink under [ ].","back":"In sedimentation, suspended insoluble particles sink under gravity.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"b889ddf4-79c7-4438-9889-ecf381fa8bf1","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Filtration removes insoluble particles, but dissolved [ ] pass through the filter beds.","back":"Filtration removes insoluble particles, but dissolved salts pass through the filter beds.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"6c16f00b-2d51-43b3-814c-968a52e27e3b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"During distillation, sea water is heated until the water turns into [ ].","back":"During distillation, sea water is heated until the water turns into vapour.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"d499a264-c812-43be-b42f-bcaa27f6d797","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Dissolved salts do not [ ], so they remain in the original container.","back":"Dissolved salts do not vaporise, so they remain in the original container.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"d6845ecd-a942-4360-86da-cba1ff7c21fb","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Removing dissolved salts from sea water to make it potable is called [ ].","back":"Removing dissolved salts from sea water to make it potable is called desalination.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"d9828873-3473-4f9b-820d-0df4fdea4cf1","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Distilled water is used for chemical analysis because distillation leaves every dissolved [ ] behind.","back":"Distilled water is used for chemical analysis because distillation leaves every dissolved salt behind.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"dc7ed65c-286d-41ba-9484-bd96dd7d22c8","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"How does distillation make sea water potable?","back":"

Heat sea water so the water becomes vapour.
Cool the vapour and collect it as liquid water.
Salts remain behind because they do not vaporise.

","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"ee8aa4cf-5cc0-4847-985c-7e47015b0afa","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is desalination mainly used where fresh water is scarce?","back":"Boiling large amounts of sea water uses a great deal of energy, making it expensive.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"f7b93628-04cc-40e5-84d4-fa583e8ee7cc","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why must water used for chemical analysis contain no dissolved salts?","back":"Dissolved salts form ions that may react with test chemicals and produce misleading results.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"6670cea5-b590-4769-904d-468b8c3b80bb","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why would tap water interfere with a test using acidified silver nitrate?","back":"Chloride ions in tap water produce a white precipitate, even if the sample contains no chloride.","mcqOptions":null}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-17","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"3.2.4 Making water potable","title":"3.2.4 Making water potable Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/chemistry/edexcel/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L38"}]}],"topicId":"0e3c777b-214f-5ef1-abaa-d3e06a12b66a","walled":"$L39"}],"$L3a","$L3b"]