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3 Quantitative chemistry

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Question 42

Urea, CO(NH2)2\text{CO(NH}_2)_2CO(NH2​)2​, is an essential nitrogen-rich compound used globally as a fertilizer. It is produced industrially by reacting ammonia with carbon dioxide under high pressure.

The chemical equation for this synthesis is:

2NH3(g)+CO2(g)→CO(NH2)2(s)+H2O(l) 2\text{NH}_3(\text{g}) + \text{CO}_2(\text{g}) \rightarrow \text{CO(NH}_2)_2(\text{s}) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l}) 2NH3​(g)+CO2​(g)→CO(NH2​)2​(s)+H2​O(l)

Calculate the percentage atom economy for the production of urea by this process.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

Relative formula masses (MrM_rMr​):

  • NH3=17\text{NH}_3 = 17NH3​=17
  • CO2=44\text{CO}_2 = 44CO2​=44
  • CO(NH2)2=60\text{CO(NH}_2)_2 = 60CO(NH2​)2​=60
  • H2O=18\text{H}_2\text{O} = 18H2​O=18
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