A water-quality laboratory uses paper chromatography to test a coloured contaminant. Using the centre of a spot gives an Rf R_f\,Rf value of 0.58.
A technician uses the same chromatogram and the same solvent-front distance but obtains an Rf R_f\,Rf value of 0.54.
Which distance did the technician most likely use as the distance moved by the substance?
From the origin line to the lower edge of the spot
From the bottom edge of the paper to the centre of the spot
From the origin line to the upper edge of the spot
From the bottom edge of the paper to the upper edge of the spot
113 exam-style questions on AQA GCSE Chemistry 8.1 Purity, formulations and chromatography, covering 8.1.1 Pure substances, 8.1.2 Formulations, and 8.1.3 Chromatography. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.