Which three of the following processes are directly controlled by plant hormones?

• Germination
• Respiration
• Leaf fall (abscission)
• Transpiration
• Fruit ripening
• Photosynthesis

A student performs an experiment with young oat coleoptiles (shoots):

• Group A coleoptiles are grown under an overhead light source.
• Group B coleoptiles are grown with light coming only from one side (unidirectional light). The shoots in Group A grow straight upwards, while the shoots in Group B bend and grow towards the light source.

Two classmates discuss the results:

• Classmate 1: "In Group B, the unilateral light causes an unequal distribution of hormones, making the shoots show positive phototropism."
• Classmate 2: "In Group A, there is no phototropic response because the light is from above, so no hormones are involved."

(i) Explain why Classmate 1 has given the better explanation of the results than Classmate 2.

Name the specific plant hormone responsible for this directional growth response.

Complete the sentences to describe how the human menstrual cycle is controlled. Choose words from the list:

LH**, FSH, oestrogen, progesterone, **testosterone

• The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates follicle development in the ovary is called ______.
• The hormone secreted by the developing follicle to repair the uterus lining is ______.
• The hormone that maintains the lining of the uterus is called ______.

The table shows the concentration of progesterone in the blood of a healthy woman over a period of 8 days:

Select the 4-day period which shows a steady (constant) rate of increase in progesterone concentration:

• Days 10–13
• Days 11–14
• Days 12–15
• Days 13–16

After menstruation, new cells are produced to repair and rebuild the lining of the uterus. Describe the cell processes that occur to make these new cells.