What is meant by the term active transport?

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Which two changes will increase the rate at which mineral ions are absorbed from the soil solution into the root hair cell? Select two options.

• Decreased number of mitochondria in the root hair cell
• Decreased surface area of the root hair cell
• Increased concentration of mineral ions in the soil solution
• Increased rate of aerobic respiration in the root hair cell
• Decreased temperature of the soil solution

Explain how plant roots are adapted for the efficient absorption of water and mineral ions by diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.

Water is absorbed from the soil into the root hair cells. Name the process by which water molecules enter these cells.

Even when the concentration of nitrate ions in the soil solution is lower than inside the root hair cells, they continue to be absorbed.

Explain how nitrate ions are transported into the root hair cells under these conditions.

• Name of process
• Explanation