Scientists exposed groups of laboratory animals to different daily doses of substance Q. All other conditions were kept the same.
After 12 months, the scientists tested cells from each animal and recorded whether the animals had developed malignant (cancerous) tumours.
| Daily dose of substance Q in mg per kg of body mass | Cells with a mutation per 10 000 cells | Animals that developed a malignant (cancerous) tumour in % |
|---|---|---|
| 0.0 | 6 | 2 |
| 2.0 | 11 | 6 |
| 4.0 | 19 | 14 |
| 8.0 | 35 | 28 |
Explain why these results support the conclusion that substance Q is a carcinogen.
304 exam-style questions on AQA GCSE Biology 2.2 Animal tissues, organs and organ systems, covering 2.2.1 The human digestive system, 2.2.2 The heart and blood vessels, 2.2.3 Blood, 2.2.4 Coronary heart disease: a non-communicable disease, 2.2.5 Health issues, 2.2.6 The effect of lifestyle on some non-communicable diseases, and 2.2.7 Cancer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.